Thailand’s decision to purchase Swedish Gripen fighter jets instead of US F-16s was influenced by several key factors, including cost-effectiveness, technology transfer opportunities, and the desire to reduce reliance on a single superpower. This approach aligns with the Royal Thai Air Force’s (RTAF) historical strategy of balancing relationships with multiple global powers.
Initially, during the Cold War, Thailand aligned closely with the US, acquiring most of its military aircraft from Washington. The RTAF’s fleet included the F-5A Freedom Fighters and later the F-16s, which remained the backbone of its air force until the early 2000s. By then, Thailand sought to diversify its sources of military technology, exploring alternatives to maintain military independence.
In 2006, following a military coup, the US froze defense aid to Thailand, which included assistance for upgrading its F-16s. This drove the Thai military junta to consider other options. Sweden’s SAAB JAS-39 Gripen jets emerged as a suitable alternative, especially given the close relationship between the Thai and Swedish royal families. The Gripen deal was finalized in 2007, marking a shift away from complete reliance on US military aircraft.
Another crucial factor in the decision was the advanced technology Sweden offered. The Gripen package included not only the aircraft but also technology transfers, personnel training, and Meteor air-to-air missiles. These offers were highly attractive compared to the US proposal of the F-16 Block 70/72, which came with loans but fewer technology transfer benefits.
While Thailand continues to pursue top-tier aircraft, including US-made F-35s, the purchase of the Gripen reflects its strategy of hedging between global powers and maintaining flexibility in its military procurement. Sweden and the US are likely to remain Thailand’s primary sources of air defense technology, with Sweden currently offering more appealing terms in terms of technology transfer and modernization.
This decision underscores Thailand’s ongoing efforts to balance regional competition and ensure its air force remains competitive while avoiding over-dependence on any single global power.
source: Paul Chambers is a Visiting Fellow at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute and Lecturer at Naresuan University (Thailand). This article was first published by ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute’s commentary website fulcrum.sg
